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Minto (2011 pop. 2,505)〔Statistics Canada ("Community Profiles: Minto, New Brunswick (Village)" ), March 30, 2011, accessed August 4, 2011.〕 is a Canadian village straddling the border of Sunbury County and Queens County, New Brunswick. Located on the north shore of Grand Lake, approximately 50 kilometres northeast of Fredericton, its population meets the requirements for "town" status under the Municipalities Act of the Province of New Brunswick, however the community has not made any change in municipal status. Minto was originally named Northfield but it is known to have taken its present name in 1904 upon the retirement of Canada's eighth Governor General, The Earl of Minto. However, the village was known as Minto since 1902,〔("Newcastle Creek: The Great Coal Mining Centre of New Brunswick." ), ''St. John Daily Sun'', October 29, 1902, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 and the story remains that the village adopted its name from the local Minto Hotel. From the ''St. John Daily Sun'' of 1903: "Just how the name of Minto came to be adopted is said to have occurred in this way. A letter which was sent from Moncton to Mr. Kennedy was enclosed in an envelope which bore the name of the Minto hotel, Moncton. The family thought Minto a good name for their hotel, and so it was named. Then the people generally adopted the name for the place, and so the railway people designated it."〔("Newcastle Coal Fields." ), ''St. John Daily Sun'', September 7, 1903, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 ==History== Minto did not feel the depression, or at least did not feel it in the same way as most other places in Canada; during recession and the Great Depression, Minto was profiting from a coal mining boom. The coal brought a level of financial prosperity to the community in the early 1900s, which by the late 1930s turned into a profitable venture for companies, and brought starvation and disease to a then impoverished community.〔Seager, Allen ("Minto, New Brunswick: A Study in Canadian Class Relations Between the Wars" ), ''Labour / Le Travail'', Volume 5, Spring 1980, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 As stated in the ''United Mine Workers' Journal'' of 1937, "Nowhere on the American continent, is there a strife which combines the elements of greed, harshness, cold, suffering, and want, as exists (Minto )."〔United Mine Workers' Journal, 15 December 1937〕 Early in Minto's coal mining exploits, land owners were permitted to mine under their own land without obtaining a license from the Crown or paying any royalties, which ended in 1915.〔Seager, Allen ("Minto, New Brunswick: A Study in Canadian Class Relations Between the Wars" ), ''Labour / Le Travail'', Volume 5, Spring 1980, p.86, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 During the boom, both mining conditions and the living quarters of miners families degraded with lowering wages and lack of maintenance in the mines and homes supplied to the miners families. Although a tally of the number of deaths related to the coal mining industry in Minto is not available, deaths did occur.〔("Killed on Central Railway." ), ''St. John Daily Sun'', March 15, 1905 p.9, accessed August 5, 2011.〕〔("Mine Gas Kills Five" ), ''St. Joseph News-Press'', July 29, 1932 p.12, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 File:Minto Memorial Stone 2013, Minto, New Brunswick.jpg|The memorial stone of five who died in a mine shaft in 1932, Minto, New Brunswick, Canada. File:Minto Memorial Stone Inscription, Minto, New Brunswick.jpg|The inscription on the Memorial Stone in memory of five who died in a mine shaft in 1932, Minto, New Brunswick, Canada. The need of transporting coal brought the railway to Minto, and was to make the area "the most prosperous place in Canada." The New Brunswick Central Railway ended at Chipman (about north-east of Minto) and in 1901〔("A Dangerous Piece of Legislation." ), ''St. John Daily Sun N.B.'', April 14, 1905 p.6, accessed August 5, 2011.〕 the railway was planned to be completed by constructing through the village to Fredericton, and connect with the Canadian Pacific railway. By 1904 the railway was completed as far as Minto, merging with the existing Central, however by 1905 completion to Fredericton was abandoned and the remaining railway was not built until 1913. Although the railway lines through Minto have since been completely removed, the railway station continues on as a local museum. By the end of 2010, coal mining in Minto ended when the last coal mining company, NB Coal, closed. During the early years of the Great Depression, the New Brunswick Power Corporation built the province's first thermal generating station south of the village on the shores of Grand Lake. Opened in 1931, the Grand Lake Generating Station accessed coal from nearby deposits. An NB Power subsidiary, NB Coal, was the only mining company left in the Minto area and performed strip mining. NB Power closed the Grand Lake Station when its operating license expired in June 2010.〔 〕 As the Station has been NB Coal’s only customer since 2000, NB Coal closed in December 2009. On April 19, 2012 the Grand Lake Generating Station was demolished,〔("Grand Lake Generating Station - Demolition of the Smoke Stack" ), ''Geotechnical Technician exp Services Inc.'', April 19, 2012, accessed January 22, 2014.〕 and by this time all coal mining in Minto had ended. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Minto, New Brunswick」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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